Print this page Antiquated Structural Systems - Part 2
D. Matthew Stuart, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE, SECB
Course Outline
This six hour course includes the following information:
1. Antiquated Structural Systems:
- Structural steel composite stub girders.
- Post-tensioned concrete construction.
- Wrought and cast iron.
- Open web steel joists.
- Miscellaneous systems including masonry, and draped mesh, brick arch and reinforced concrete floor framing.
The course content was first published in STRUCTURE® magazine as five separate articles between 2007 and 2008; www.STRUCTUREmag.com.
This course includes a multiple-choice quiz at the end, which is designed to enhance the understanding of the course materials.
Learning Objective
At the conclusion of this course, the student will:
- Become knowledgeable of history and development of stub girder construction in the U.S.;
- Gain and understanding of the Vierendeel truss action of a stub girder;
- Understand the recommendations that were developed as a result of extensive research and testing of stub girders in the U.S. and Canada;
- Become familiar with the reasons that stub girder construction is no longer used;
- Learn about the early development and use of post-tensioned concrete construction in the U.S.;
- Understand why button-head tendons were superseded by mono-strands;
- Learn about the advantages of ductile iron anchorage plates over coil wedge anchors;
- Become familiar with the load balancing method of analysis;
- Understand how and why banded tendon distribution was developed;
- Understand the difference between wrought iron and cast iron;
- Become familiar with how wrought and cast iron were combined together in beam construction;
- Learn how the Cooper beam was developed;
- Learn how cast and wrought iron construction laid the ground work for current day high-rise buildings;
- Understand the key concepts relative to the deterioration of wrought and cast iron;
- Become familiar with repair and restoration techniques used for wrought and cast iron;
- Become familiar with the history of the development of open web steel joists;
- Become familiar with the methods used to evaluate and modify existing open web steel joists;
- Understand the hazards of reinforcing existing open web steel joists;
- Become familiar with antiquated loadbearing masonry brick wall construction; and
- Become familiar with draped mesh and brick arch floor construction.
Intended Audience
This course is intended for structural engineers and architects.
Benefit to Attendees
The attendee of this course will be able to have a better understanding of the many different types of older structural systems that are still encountered in urban areas.
Course Introduction
Engineers involved with renovation and rehabilitation projects need to be aware of the specifics of antiquated structural systems in order to develop non-destructive and unobtrusive solutions. Information concerning antiquated structural systems provided by this course has been compiled and made available because the history of older structural systems is far less documented than the history of architecture. Part 2 of this course will provide the user with an understanding of a number of different types of antiquated structural systems that one can typically encounter in urban areas of the U.S.
Course Content
In this lesson, you are required to study the following course content in PDF format:
Antiquated Structural Systems - Part 2
Please click on the above underlined hypertext to view, download or print the document for your study. Because of the large file size, we recommend that you first save the file to your computer by right clicking the mouse and choosing "Save Target As ...", and then open the file in Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you still experience any difficulty in downloading or opening this file, you may need to close some applications or reboot your computer to free up some memory.
If you have trouble reading any of the material on line, it is recommended that the course material be printed out for better resolution.
Course Summary
The designs of all of the antiquated structural systems presented in this course were originally based on the basic engineering theories and construction experience of their respective era. Load tables were also commonly developed and published by most of the manufacturers. The problem with all of these systems, when one encounters them in an existing building, is that in the absence of existing drawings it is difficult to determine the internal reinforcement and, subsequently, the load carrying capacity of the system. However, it is hoped that this course, by identifying the many different types of products that were in use at one time or another, will assist the users in their research of an antiquated or archaic system when it is encountered in an existing structure.
References
A Stub-Girder System for High-Rise Buildings
Joseph P. Colaco
AISC National Engineering Conference
New York, NY; May 1972
An Experimental Investigation of Stub-Girders
Y.W. Lam, T. Rezansoff and M.U. Hosain
University of Saskatoon, Canada
Behavior of Building Systems and Building Components Conference
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN; March 1979
Some Aspects of Stub-Girder Design
Reidar Bjorhovde and T.J. Zimmerman
University of Alberta and the CISC
Canadian Structural Engineering Conference
Montreal, Quebec; February 1980
Reprinted in the AISC Engineering Journal; Third Quarter 1980
Structural Engineering Handbook
Chapter 18; Stud Girder Floor Systems
Reidar Bjorhovde
University of Pittsburgh
CRC Press LLC 1999
Durability of Post-Tensioning Tendons: Technical Report; November 2001
The International Federation for Structural Concrete
Status of the Durability of Post-Tensioning Tendons in the United States
Cliff L. Freyermuth
Post-Tensioned Concrete: Five Decades of American Building Construction
Kenneth B. Bondy
Concrete Construction
December 2001
Post-Tensioned Concrete in Buildings, Past and Future, an Insiders View
Kenneth B. Bondy
PTI Journal Vol. 4 No.2
December 2006
Cast Iron Architecture in America
The Significance of James Bogardus
Margot Gayle and Carol Gayle
W.W. Norton & Company
New York and London
1998
Metals in America’s Historic Buildings
Use and Preservation Treatments
Margot Gayle, David W. Look and John G. Waite
U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Cultural Resources
Preservation Assistance
Washington, D.C.
1980
Wrought Iron and Steel in Construction, 8th Edition
The Pencoyd Iron Works
A. & P. Roberts & Company
Globe Printing House
Philadelphia
1892
Technical Preservation Brief 27
The Maintenance and Repair of Architectural Cast Iron
John G. Waite and Margot Gayle
National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C.
1991
Steel Joist Institute 75-Year Manual
A Compilation of Specifications and Load Tables Since 1928
Steel Joist Institute
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
2003
Catalog of Standard Specifications, Load Tables and Weight Tables for Steel Joists and Joist Girders
42nd Edition
Steel Joist Institute
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
2007
Technical Digest No. #12
Evaluation and Modification of Open Web Steel Joists and Joist Girders
Steel Joist Institute
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
2007
Designing with Steel Joists, Joist Girders and Steel Deck
James Fisher, Michael West, Julius Van de Pas
Nucor Corporation
1991 (Second Edition – 2002)
Miscellaneous Steel Joist and Joist Girder Specifications and Load Tables
SJI Archives
Steel Joist Institute
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Joist Investigation Form
http://www.steeljoist.com/investigation
Steel Joist Institute
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Architects’ and Builders’ Handbook, 18th Edition
Frank E. Kidder
Harry Parker
John Wiley and Sons, 1956
Historical Building Construction
Donald Friedman
W. W. Norton & Company
1995
Structural Engineers’ Handbook
Milo S. Ketchum, C.E.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
Second Edition, 1918
Handbook of Building Construction
Volume II
George A. Hool, S.B.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
1920
Author’s Commentary on the Cited References
For all of the articles that have been either published to date or will be in the future for the Antiquated Structural Systems Series, I have obtained the information presented by researching material that was already published by individuals or previously disseminated by manufacturers or industry organizations. In all cases, I have contacted the source of the information (when they were either alive or available) and requested permission to reprint figures, charts, or other similar images. This approach has enabled me to fulfill the primary purpose of the series, which is to compile and disseminate a resource of information to enable the sharing of knowledge concerning existing structural systems within the structural engineering community.
Related Links
For additional technical information related to this subject, please visit the following website:
http://structuremag.com/
Quiz
Once you finish studying the above course content, you need to take a quiz to obtain the PDH credits.
DISCLAIMER: The materials contained in the online course are not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of PDH Center or any other person/organization named herein. The materials are for general information only. They are not a substitute for competent professional advice. Application of this information to a specific project should be reviewed by a registered architect and/or professional engineer/surveyor. Anyone making use of the information set forth herein does so at their own risk and assumes any and all resulting liability arising therefrom.
